Processing error list

Property "Synopsis" (as page type) with input value "Guidelines for emergency services & public authorities

Prepare to start using social media

• Consider the legal implications
• Consider the needs in human and financial resources
• Prepare a social media strategy
• Clearly communicate the social media strategy and provide staff training
• Explore what Information Communication Technology (ICT) tools are available for social media monitoring and analysis
• Use of apps for direct communication (Authorities-to-Citizens and Citizens-to-Authorities)
• Plan the next steps to start using social media

Before an emergency

• Provide information about your organization, its operations and emergency prevention and preparation
• Raise awareness on the use of social media
• Use of ICT tools for social media monitoring and analysis
• Team up with other groups and organizations
• Publish alerts for the risk of an upcoming emergency

During an emergency

• Understand how social media is used by citizens during emergencies
• Establish communication with the public
• Request information from the public
• Use of ICT tools for social media monitoring and analysis
• Respond to false information and rumors
• Collaborate with emergent group initiatives

After an emergency

• Continue the communication with the citizens
• Evaluate your social media use during the emergency

Guidelines for citizens

General Aspects while using social media

• Interact with respect and courtesy
• You are responsible for your writing, think of possible consequences
• Protect your privacy and check the privacy settings
• Respect intellectual property rights, including pictures, graphics, audio and video files
• Verify your information before posting
• Correct a mistake if you made one

Before an emergency

• Be prepared:
• Know the social media accounts of your local and national ES and follow them. This will help find real-time information during an emergency.
• Read what to expect from Emergency Services in social media.
• Follow the information from Emergency Services on how to prevent and stay safe during emergencies

During an emergency

• Stay up-to-date and follow official accounts and local organizations to get information updates
• Social media does not replace 112. If in danger, always call 112 first.
• Be responsible and avoid spreading rumors!

When you post information about an emergency in social media:

• Always mention the Emergency Services account or include any already used hashtags. When possible, report a location and use photos
• Tell only facts and don’t send information you are not certain about
• Share only official and reliable information and avoid spreading rumors!
• If you spot or shared false information, please correct it
• Forward received official messages to your contacts or share them

Volunteering initiatives

• Look for emergent volunteer initiatives in Facebook groups, Google crisis maps or trusted users in Twitter; they may help to increase the impact of your activities!
• If you intend to initiate your emergent volunteer initiative, please check for existing initiatives first and carefully chose the scope of your possible contribution.

After an emergency

• Follow official accounts and local organizations to get information updates
• Communicate even after a crisis and use social media for the processing of the event
• Give feedback to the authorities
• Restore missing contact and ask for welfare of family and friends
• Help others reconstructing/handling the event

Data Protection and Privacy Guidelines for Processing Social Media Data

CONTENT

• Responsibility
  • Project responsibility
  • Who do you answer to?
• Is what you are proposing lawful?
  • Consent
  • Transparency
  • Special Categories of Personal Data
• Data rights of the citizen
  • Subject Access Request
  • Right of Erasure
  • Data Portability
• Project controls
  • Data protection officer
  • Privacy impact assessment
  • Continuous monitoring
• Infrastructure controls
  • Privacy by design
  • Codes of Conduct
  • Breach handling
  • Subject Access Request handling" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

Property "Synopsis" (as page type) with input value "Platform Terms of Use

CONTENT

• 1. introduction
• 2. intellectual property rights
• 3. data use
• 4. privacy policy
• 5. service providers and technology providers
• 6. data security
• 7. rights to review compliance and suspension and termination/termination of these terms of use
• 8. notices
• 9. indemnification.
• 
10. international data transfers
• 11. general
• 12. glossary" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

Property "Synopsis" (as page type) with input value "Wat social media zijn

• Social media zijn online platformen waar mensen en bedrijven met elkaar in contact komen via o.a. berichten, foto’s en video’s.
  • Bekende voorbeelden zijn Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Pinterest en LinkedIn.
• Deze social media bieden je de mogelijkheid om een bericht met een (groot) publiek te delen.
• Het bereik van uitingen op social media beperkt zich niet tot een klein gezelschap.
• Ook bij afgeschermde profielen bestaat altijd de mogelijkheid dat berichten worden over- genomen en ze dus toch openbaar worden.

Richtlijnen

Zorg dat je de gedragscode kent!

Online gelden dezelfde richtlijnen als in het dagelijkse ‘offline’ leven.

• Geen vertrouwelijke informatie
• Op persoonlijke titel
• Bedenk goed wat je zegt
• Beperk je tot je eigen vakgebied
• Houd ons op de hoogte
• Geef geen antwoord op vragen van journalisten
• Eigen verantwoordelijkheid" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

Property "Synopsis" (as page type) with input value " WHAT IS THE AIM OF THE REGULATION?

• The general data protection regulation (GDPR) protects individuals when their data is being processed by the private sector and most of the public sector.
• The processing of data by the relevant authorities for law-enforcement purposes is subject to the data protection law enforcement directive (LED) instead.
• It allows individuals to better control their personal data. It also modernises and unifies rules, allowing businesses to reduce red tape and to benefit from greater consumer trust.
• It establishes a system of completely independent supervisory authorities in charge of monitoring and enforcing compliance.

KEY POINTS

Individuals’ rights

The GDPR strengthens existing rights, provides for new rights and gives individuals more control over their personal data. It includes the following.

• Easier access to an individual's own data.
  • This includes providing more information on how that data is processed and ensuring that that information is available in a clear and understandable way.
• A new right to data portability.
  • This makes it easier to transmit personal data between service providers.
• A clearer right to erasure (right to be forgotten).
  • When an individual no longer wants their data to be processed and there is no legitimate reason to keep it, the data will be deleted.
• The right to know when their personal data has been breached.
  • Companies and organisations have to notify the relevant data protection supervisory authority and, in cases of serious data breaches, also the individuals affected.

Rules for businesses

The GDPR creates a level playing field for all companies operating in the EU internal market, adopts a technology-neutral approach and stimulates innovation through a number of steps, which include the following.

• A single set of EU-wide rules.
  • A single EU-wide law for data protection increases legal certainty and reduces administrative burden.
• A data protection officer.
  • A person responsible for data protection has to be designated by public authorities and by businesses that process data on a large scale, or whose core activity is the processing of special categories of data, such as health-related data.
• One-stop shop.
  • Businesses only have to deal with one single supervisory authority (in the EU Member State in which they have their main establishment); the relevant supervisory authorities cooperate in the framework of the European Data Protection Board for cross-border cases.
• EU rules for non-EU companies.
  • Companies based outside the EU must apply the same rules when offering services or goods to, or when monitoring the behaviours of, individuals within the EU.
• Innovation-friendly rules.
  • A guarantee that data protection safeguards are built into products and services from the earliest stage of development (data protection by design and by default).
• Privacy-friendly techniques.
  • Pseudonymisation (when identifying fields within a data record are replaced by one or more artificial identifiers) and encryption (when data is coded in such a way that only authorised parties can read it), for example, are encouraged, in order to limit the intrusiveness of processing.
• Removal of notifications.
  • The GDPR scrapped most notification obligations and the costs associated with these.
    • One of its aims is to remove obstacles that affect the free flow of personal data within the EU.
    • This will make it easier for businesses to expand in the single digital market.
• Data protection impact assessments.
  • Organisations will have to carry out impact assessments when data processing may result in a high risk for the rights and freedoms of individuals.
• Record keeping.
  • Small and medium-sized enterprises are not required to keep records of processing activities – unless the processing is regular or likely to result in a risk to the rights and freedoms of the person whose data is being processed, or includes sensitive categories of data.
• A modern toolbox for international data transfers.
  • The GDPR offers various instruments to transfer data outside the EU, including adequacy decisions adopted by the European Commission where the non-EU country offers an adequate level of protection, pre-approved (standard) contractual clauses, binding corporate rules, codes of conduct and certification." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

Property "Synopsis" (as page type) with input value " International Standard ISO 22319

• provides guidelines for planning the involvement of spontaneous volunteers (SVs) in incident response and recovery.
• is intended to help organizations establishing a plan to consider whether, how and when SVs can provide relief to a coordinated response and recovery for all identified hazards.
• helps identify issues to ensure the plan is risk-based and can be shown to prioritize the safety of SVs, the public they seek to assist and incident response staff.

USE

• intended for use by organizations with responsibility for, or involvement in, part or all of the planning for working with SVs.
• is applicable to all types and sizes of organizations that are involved in the planning for, and management of, SVs (e.g. local, regional, and national governments, statutory bodies, international and non-governmental organizations, businesses and public and community groups).

NOTE

Coordinating the participation of volunteers who are affiliated to voluntary or professional organizations to provide relief is not within the scope of this document.

TERMINOLOGY

• A spontaneous volunteer (SV) is an individual who is not affiliated with existing incident response organizations but who is motivated to contribute unpaid work during and following incidents.
• The range of tasks performed by SVs can require only basic planning (e.g. for people who are first on the scene), or a plan that is more complex (e.g. for people who travel to the affected area to volunteer)
• SVs might have expressed their interest in volunteering before or during an incident and might therefore be called upon to participate depending on the incident’s needs and their specific skills.
• SVs can volunteer as individuals or as groups, they can arrive at the incident to volunteer in person or contribute remotely, and they can be self-deployed professionals (e.g. retired emergency responders), digital volunteers, or any other skilled or unskilled members of the

Note: Only informative sections of standards are publicly available. To view the full content, you will need to purchase the standard from your national ISO member or the ISO Store." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

Property "Synopsis" (as page type) with input value "The document provides the final guidelines for the Contribution of Social Media in Crisis Management (COSMIC) project.

The guidelines aim to enhance the safety and security of citizens by supporting both citizens, and public authorities, in their use of social media to complement their crisis management efforts.

TIPS AND TRICKS FOR PUBLIC AUTHORITIES

PRE-CRISIS PHASE

• Develop a social media strategy for all members of your organization
• Ensure privacy & data protection
• Prepare for increased communication and information flows during a crisis and take preparations to monitor these information flows
• Facilitate information sharing by first responders
• Establish collaboration and communication channels with relevant organizations like (other) public authorities before a crisis
• Practice the relation between internal and external communication processes regularly
• Be careful with using participatory actions to increase follower engagement
• Encourage citizens to support disaster management capacities by using social media when crises occur and provide them with guidance to help fulfil your needs
• Create awareness for responsible and effective use of social media during crises by citizens and employees
• Stimulate recognizability of information and ensure continuity
• Use social media accounts to prepare citizens for high probability hazards and to inform them of the hazards they face

CRISIS PHASE

• Communicate regularly, quickly and with honesty, candor and openness
• Ensure information reaches your target audience & differentiate in communication channels
• Ensure clear, effective, to the point communication and continuity
• Work with others to gain information, encourage the sharing of information and the building of situational awareness
• Encourage citizens to inform and help others
• Stimulate the flow of information & add value
• Be transparent in how you use data and address copyright and privacy issues
• Ensure information is correct: Verify, Validate and correct (mis)information!
• Facilitate the (enhanced) communication needs

Private companies:

• Monitor and cooperate with the (conventional) channels of crisis communication by public authorities to ensure that communication and advice directed at citizens will be recognized
• Cooperate with and adapt to emergent group initiatives on social media during crises and encourage citizens to do so, too

POST-CRISIS PHASE

• Direct people to after care initiatives & encourage them to care for each other
• Elicit resources for the recovery
• Seek feedback from those you communicated with during a crisis situation

TIPS AND TRICKS FOR CITIZENS

• WHEN PREPARING

Prepare yourself for crises

• WHEN SEEKING AID

Ask for help and disclose your location

• WHEN SEEKING INFORMATION

Ensure your information is trustworthy

• WHEN PROVIDING AID

Participate in the flow of information Volunteer to support emergency services

• WHEN MOBILIZING

Create and stimulate networks Stimulate the networks action potential Mobilize to address crises of societal values Ensure your and others safety

• WHEN REPORTING INFORMATION

Ensure a broad scope & consider your communication venue Ensure your information is correct and can be validated or verified Engage ethically in citizen media practices" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

Property "Synopsis" (as page type) with input value "The role of social media in crisis communications

During a crisis, social media can help brands:

• Communicate updates to your audience;
• Support people who need help or information;
• Listen and learn about current events and what people need from your brand.

• Tips for communicating on social media during a crisis or emergency

Make sure your social media policy includes the following:

• An up-to-date emergency contact list. Not just your social media team but legal advisors and executive decision-makers, too.
• Guidance on accessing social account credentials. Where is that information, and how can someone find it?
• Guidelines for identifying the scope of the crisis (i.e., is it global or local, does it affect your operations, does it affect your customers, and to what extent?)
• An internal communication plan for employees.
• An approval process for your response strategy.

Social media crisis communications plan template

Get a social media crisis communications plan in place while everything is business-as-usual. That way, you’ll be able to jump into action ASAP when life goes sideways. get started with a crisis communication plan template for social media.

• Assess potential crises
• Potential questions and responses
• Posting outlets and schedules
• Key stakeholders
• Guidelines for social media" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

Property "Synopsis" (as page type) with input value "* I player principali dei servizi d'emergenza hanno capito ormai da tempo che i social network sono molto importanti durante un'emergenza.

• Sono 2,5 miliardi le persone che usano social network e 3,8 miliardi quelle che utilizzano i dispositivi mobili, fenomeni in crescita di circa il 10% rispetto all’anno 2016.
• Secondo uno studio di Comunello (Comunello 2014) sono proprio i social network i primi mezzi di informazione a essere utilizzati dalla popolazione per reperire notizie riguardanti un’emergenza.

Twitter

• Twitter consente di accedere istantaneamente alle informazioni essenziali riguardanti l’emergenza grazie ai relativi hashtag, che favoriscono la ricerca di informazioni raggruppando le stesse per macro aree.
• L’utilizzo efficace di questo social in emergenza è stato anche standardizzato da una guida ONU che ha identificato tre hashtag principali da utilizzare in emergenza: # nome della calamità, # public reporting e # richiesta di soccorso, con post sempre tassativamente geolocalizzati.

Facebook

• Una funzione fondamentale di Facebook in emergenza è senza dubbio il safety check, che viene attivato automaticamente nelle zone colpite. Questo tool, che funziona attraverso la geo-localizzazione, permette infatti di poter informare i propri contatti che si è al sicuro e di controllare che anche gli altri utenti lo siano." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

Property "Synopsis" (as page type) with input value "This guide is intended primarily for national authorities responsible for the development and implementation of the National Emergency Telecommunication Plan and is a useful resource for any person or organization generally involved in disaster risk management or in the administration of telecommunication/ICTs during emergencies. This includes governments, the private sector, non-governmental entities, humanitarian aid agencies, and private citizens.

National emergency telecommunication plan (NETP)

• sets out a strategy to enable and ensure communications availability during the disaster mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery phases, by promoting coordination across all levels of government, between public and private organizations, and within communities at risk.
• Preparation and implementation of an NETP engages stakeholders to think through the life cycle of a potential disaster, it determines the required capabilities for emergency responses, and establishes a governance framework of roles and responsibilities.
• It also clarifies how to shape planning, envision and share desired outcomes, and it outlines effective ways to achieve and communicate expected results.
• The NETP will reflect what diverse stakeholder communities need to focus on in order to address specific risks with available resources.

Support for people with specific needs

• Consult with members of vulnerable populations directly and facilitate their involvement at all stages of the disaster management process.
• Ensure that accessibility and usability of telecommunication/ICTs are considered
• Use multiple strategies and mechanisms to promote accessible telecommunication/ICT
• Build the capacity of vulnerable populations to use telecommunication/ICTs in disaster situations
• Use multiple modes of communication to provide information before, during and after disasters
• Be aware of the potential for misuse of personal data of vulnerable populations in disaster situations
• Provide information packs, guides and manuals; conduct public awareness campaigns in multiple accessible formats in different languages; and provide sensitized resource persons to impart the contents of these packs to persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups.
• Develop, promote and distribute mainstream and assistive technologies that can be used during emergencies and disasters
• Develop frameworks to facilitate inter-agency collaboration
• Specify accessible telecommunication/ICT infrastructure
• Ensure that all services, facilities and infrastructure developed after a disaster are accessible and inclusive.
• Provide information in multiple formats and through multiple modes about ongoing recovery efforts and how to get help or access resources
• Review disaster response efforts to assess any challenges for vulnerable groups

Telecommunications/ICT to support people with specific needs

Incorporation of multiple forms of ICT is key to bringing messages to all people, without discrimination of age, gender, ability or location. To ensure this inclusiveness, the following considerations are required:

• Public address systems:
  • Alerts in audio and visual formats through public loudspeakers and electronic displays
  • Sirens can be accompanied by flashing lights to denote the nature and level of threat.
• Radios:
  • Radios can be used with attachments or with special features to enable use by people who are deaf or hard of hearing.
• Television:
  • Employing closed captioning or subtitling in local languages can make audio commentary accessible to people who have hearing impairments or do not understand the language.
  • In addition, sign language interpreters should be used when providing televised information about a disaster or emergency situation.
• SMS:
  • If information is sent out only as SMS, people who need non-visual inputs and don’t have access to high-end devices that can convert text to other formats such as audio will be excluded.
• E-mail:
  • Notifications should be enabled in multiple languages.
  • The software should be designed as per accessibility guidelines to enable it to operate seamlessly with a user’s assistive technology. o Use of graphics within the alert may assist people who have trouble understanding the language, children and individuals with cognitive disabilities.
• Social Media
  • Social media sites should also be designed to be accessible and to work with a user’s assistive technology.
  • Finally, although the new versions of the most popular social networks are offering accessibility features, it is important that the agencies publishing emergency information on these platforms know about electronic content accessibility to ensure that the messages are accessible.
• Websites:
  • Websites providing disaster management information must be tested for accessibility to ensure that persons with disabilities do not face barriers in accessing the important information shared on the website." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.